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In what he called
at the time his last film, Bergman also made his most autobiographical
work, a dreamlike family chronicle viewed through the eyes of 10-year-old
Alexander. It is Christmas, 1907, in the happy home of the Ekdahls. Alexander
and Sister Fanny are filled with delight as their well-to-do family comes
together and we are witnesses to one of the cinema’s most marvelous
holiday celebrations. But soon after, their theater-manager father dies
and their actress mother marries the stern bishop, transforming their
world of joy to one of gothic terror. This tale of two families—one
theatrical, warm and pleasure seeking, the other cold, mean-spirited and
self-righteous —comes alive in dazzling period recreation highlighted
by Sven Nykvist's sumptuous photography and is essential Bergman. Academy
Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, Cinematography, Art Direction and
Costumes, and nominations for Best Director and Best Screenplay. “Bergman’s
career summation [is] the kind of rich, timeless, cautionless magnum opus
we can only receive, like benedictions, from artists who’ve paid
their generation's dues of sweat, risk, tears, and honesty . . .”—Michael
Atkinson, THE VILLAGE VOICE. (188 mins.)
Produced as a six-part
series for Swedish television, SCENES FROM A MARRIAGE dissects the lives
of a couple who have traded their activist passions for the comforts of
bourgeois comfort. Scientist Johan (Erland Josephson) and lawyer Marianne’s
(Liv Ullmann) life slowly unravels in fury as their desperate loneliness
come starkly into relief. Peter (Jan Malmsjo) and Katarina (Bibi Andersson)
provide a counterpoint to the beleaguered couple, seemingly more at ease
with their mutual resentment and disgust. Bergman attempts to co-opt the
television medium as a way to present domestic drama worthy of Strindberg
or Ibsen, tapping into the concerns and neuroses of contemporary marriage
while inserting his own observations on domestic bliss and failure."Bergman
has never before made such an exhilarating film about grownup love, with
all its twists, rituals, and benedictions"—Penelope Gilliatt,
THE NEW YORKER. (283 mins.) Screened with an intermission.
Bergman’s most
successful foray into comedy, SMILES is an erotic, nostalgic jab at upper
class sexual repression and marital dysfunction. “The plot is an
Ophulsian ronde of love affairs and intrigues revolving around a middle-aged
lawyer (Gunnar Björnstrand); his young wife who remains a virgin;
his former mistress, a sophisticated stage actress (Eva Dahlbeck); her
lover, and his wife. They gather for a weekend at the country estate of
the actress's elderly mother, who works a kind of magic on this ménage
of infinite possibilities. A true parody of the ridiculous male, this
is a comic working-out of the idea that men are a species of beast that
turn to women to save them from being totally humiliated. Not always a
smart moves. Woody Allen brilliantly reworked SMILES OF A SUMMER NIGHT
in A MIDSUMMER NIGHHT’S SEX COMEDY, and the film also inspired the
Broadway play A LITTLE NIGHT MUSIC.”—Pacific Film Archive.
(108 mins.)
Bergman’s first
serious foray into examining family trauma and dysfunction follows a young
family to the remote Faro Islands, where Bergman would later exile himself
during his own bouts of illness and depression. Family patriarch David
(Gunnar Björnstrand) is an existential novelist whose emotionally
fragile family’s hold on reality centers around their individual
feelings of living in an empty universe. Daughter Karin (Harriet Andersson)
is a schizophrenic only recently released from the hospital and now under
the care of her doctor husband Martin (Max Von Sydow). Karin’s personal
demons prove to be ones shared (and repressed) by her family, and the
Faro Island backdrop provides a stark, ascetic stage for their spiral
into madness. This landmark film solidified Bergman’s reputation
as subversive provocateur, shattering sexual taboos and emotions while
attempting to posit a new definition of God. Academy Award, Best Foreign
Language Film and nomination for Best Screenplay. (89 mins.)
For many Bergman’s
most iconic work, THE SEVENTH SEAL is a parable on religion and mortality.
When the knight Antonius Block (Max Von Sydow) and his squire Jons (Gunner
Björnstrand) return home from the Crusades, they find Death, literally,
waiting at the shore. The bubonic plague-rotted landscape offers the perfect
stage for what is, essentially, a secular miracle play. Man and Death
exchange debate over the symbolically weighty chessboard, with only the
apocalypse of the world at stake. Perhaps Bergman’s centerpiece
as a philosopher of the cinema, the film provides an expressionistic,
decidedly Scandinavian counterpoint to the stylized dreamscapes of Buñuel
or Fellini. Special Jury Prize, Cannes Film Festival. (95 mins.)
Bergman’s adaptation
of Mozart’s opera provides the ultimate display of Bergman’s
virtuosity as a stage and musical director. An organist and musicologist,
Bergman once said that he might have been a conductor if theater and film
had not taken over his life. Like SCENES FROM A MARRIAGE, THE MAGIC FLUTE
was commissioned for television, and was intended for a wider audience
than normally expected for his austere chamber dramas. Shot on a replica
of the 18th century Drottningholm Court Theater, Bergman dispenses with
theatrical illusion to show the working parts of this production and the
film’s vivid musical soundtrack, intensely stylized art direction
and soaring voices have proven to delight both film and opera devotees.
(135 mins.)
Bergman continues
his reckoning with death in WILD STRAWBERRIES. Isak Borg, an aging professor
(played by Bergman’s mentor, silent film director Victor Sjöstrom)
lives alone with his housekeeper in the comfortable Swedish countryside.
A car trip to his university to receive award forces Borg to engage the
outside world, and with it, memory and mortality. Accompanied by daughter-in-law
Marianne (Ingrid Thulin, in her first Bergman role), about to give birth
to an unwanted child, the stuffy academic’s emotional core begins
to be stripped bare. Along the way a visit to his old childhood summer
home, an unlikely set of hitchhikers and forceful interaction with his
emotionally estranged family finally begin to surface the truth of his
past vanities and the consequences of his illusions. WILD STRAWBERRIES—in
Sweden a symbol of protection and safety—remains one of Bergman’s
subtle masterpieces, an evenly metered trip through the landscape of memory.
Golden Bear, Berlin Film Festival. (90 mins.)
Bergman returns to
the medieval Sweden of THE SEVENTH SEAL in this decidedly modern parable
based on a14th century religious folk-tale pitting Christian revenge against
pagan magic. Tore (Max Von Sydow), a devoted father, leads a quiet, dignified
family life. His love for his daughter Karin (Birgitta Petersson) is affectionate
but overbearing, and his insistence upon her going to church for prayer
proves tragic. When Karin is brutally raped and murdered, her predators
end up boarding with the ignorantly charitable Tore and his wife Mareta
(Birgitta Valberg). Once again,Von Sydow masterfully embodies the tortured
Everyman forced to face the darkest corners of the human soul and the
most elemental of emotions. “The religious process of symbolization
in Bergman's medieval morality plays never completely obscures his characteristic
agnostic questioning, because the director balances the visions against
his modern psychological perception. Like Kurosawa's RASHOMON, which it
strongly resembles, THE VIRGIN SPRING raises moral questions that elevate
the film above the violent story.”—Tom Kemper. Academy Award,
Best Foreign Language Film. (88 mins.)
One of Bergman’s
esoteric masterworks, THE MAGICIAN combines grifter mystery with the tone
of a Grimm fairytale. When a 19th century traveling medicine show makes
its way into a small Swedish town, the locals subject its performers to
a battery of scientific tests to challenge their magic. Max Von Sydow
plays the shadowy conjurer-hypnotist Vogler, whose identity is as transient
as the gypsy caravan the troupe travels in. Ingrid Thulin shines as Manda,
his wife, a coolly beautiful con artist whose cross-dressing turns challenge
screen gender archetypes. Part Gothic melodrama, part myth, THE MAGICIAN
is one of Bergman’s most eccentric films, a sometimes comic psychological
“thinking man’s horror film” that meditates on classic
Bergman themes of belief vs. agnosticism, art vs. science and truth and
illusion. (107mins.)
More than any other
of Bergman’s films, CRIES AND WHISPERS blurs the line between waking
and dreaming, living and dying. Harriet Andersson gives one of her greatest
performances as the agonized sister Anna, tortured by illness to the brink
of death. She is joined at her palatial manor home by her doctor and nurse,
and by her two sisters (Ingrid Thulin and Liv Ullmann), whose deathwatch
is punctuated by reflections on their disappointed lives, meaningless
marriages and family conflict. "A self-portrait (in composite) of
the great beloved of my childhood."—Ingmar Bergman. "Reduces
almost everything else you're likely to see this season to the size of
a small cinder"—Vincent Canby, NEW YORK TIMES. Best Film, New
York Film Critics; Academy Award for Cinematography and nominations for
Best Film, Director, Screenplay and Costumes. (91 mins.)
Anna, a young nurse
(Bibi Andersson) is given charge of an eminent actress Elisabeth (Liv
Ullman, on whom the role is actually based) recovering from a nervous
breakdown. As Elizabeth sits in silence in a lonely seaside cottage, “The
actress's act, we soon learn, has two aspects: it is a wish for ethical
purity, but it is also a species of sadism, a virtually impregnable position
of strength from which to manipulate her nurse, who is charged with the
burden of talking. By the end of the film, the two characters are engaged
in a desperate Strindberg-like duel of identities, and Bergman has turned
that struggle into a metaphor for the fate of language, art, and consciousness
itself. —Russell Merritt. “PERSONA is to film what Ulysses
is to the novel.”—John Simon. (84 mins.)
Originally regarded
as an erotic exploitation film, MONIKA enjoyed reappraisal as Bergman
gained international recognition. Here he first articulates his recognizable
psychological affinity with the ocean shore in a story of naïve desire
and doomed romance. Shy, bourgeois Harry (Lars Ekborg) and the sultry,
restless Monika (Harriet Andersson), decide to escape their dreary lives
in Stockholm and take his father’s boat for a summer interlude in
the islands. Young and in love there is no tomorrow. Their playful eroticism
is counterpointed by a penetrating view of adolescent sexuality, angst
and dreams. Bergman paints his bittersweet love story in a naturalist
style, from the lyrical beauty of the midnight sun to the gritty reality
awaiting when Adam and Eve return from Eden. “The most original
film of the most original of directors.”—Jean-Luc Godard.
(96 mins.)
Second in his “Faith
Trilogy,” WINTER LIGHT is one of Bergman’s most austere, yet
accessible films. The film chronicles a day in the life of a disillusioned
village pastor (Gunnar Björnstrand) as he attempts to reconcile his
beliefs in the face of “God’s silence.” Unable to comfort
his mistress (Ingrid Thulin), or to console a suicidal parishioner (Max
Von Sydow), his shaken faith leaves only meaningless ritual, profound
emptiness and crippling self-paralysis. Bjornstrand and Von Sydow provide
dueling psychological poles, while Thulin’s Marta is one of the
most emotionally delicate characters in all of Bergman’s work. Bergman
and cinematographer Sven Nykvist capture the coldness of devotion and
a winter light that becomes a character of its own. The Trilogy, Bergman
stated, "is not concerned with God or His absence...but with the
saving force of love." (80 mins.)
The third film in
his “Faith Trilogy,” THE SILENCE offers a sexually frank depiction
of two emotionally conjoined sisters who, while traveling in a strange
European country, begin a tortured struggle of separation. “Ester
(Ingrid Thulin), a lesbian intellectual, is physically attracted to her
sister Anna (Gunnel Lindbloom), herself the sexually vibrant mother of
a 10-year-old boy. While the carefree Anna indulges in casual sex, her
son briefly falls in with a troupe of dwarves who inhabit their otherwise
deserted hotel, while Ester wastes away from alcohol and tuberculosis.
Bleak, dense, puzzling and heavy with symbolism, certain scenes (Thulin
masturbating, a couple copulating in the cinema) were profoundly shocking
at the time—all the more so, perhaps, for the unadorned frankness
with which they were presented. Impeccably interpreted by two of the best
actresses in Bergman’s impressive stable, this is a dark, passionate,
elusive and disturbing work.”—HOLT FOREIGN FILM GUIDE. (96
mins.)
After having “eliminated”
faith in THE SILENCE, in part three of his “Faith Trilogy,”
Bergman sought new ways to interpret the pain humans face in the wake
of catastrophe. Set in a 1971 Sweden plagued by civil war, Jan (Max Von
Sydow) and Eva (Liv Ullmann), take refuge in a remote farmhouse hoping
to escape the coming horrors. There, they face Bergman’s classic
themes of personal isolation and fatalism, only here their conflicts are
set in the context of political violence. Inspired by Bergman’s
own feeling of helplessness and ambivalence toward Sweden’s anemic
political history, SHAME finds the director trying to make sense of postwar
Europe in the context of the political turmoil of the ’60s. Von
Sydow and Ullmann’s powerful performances exhibit heartbreaking
stillness and infinite sadness sprung directly from the soul. "It
ends with one of the cinema's most awesomely apocalyptic visions. A masterpiece."—Tom
Milne. "One of Bergman's greatest films"—Pauline Kael.
National Society of Film Critics' Awards for Best Film, Director and Actress.
(102 mins.)
Bergman’s first and only collaboration with Swedish film legend
Ingrid Bergman, AUTUMN SONATA serves as a complimentary, yet decidedly
more melancholy parallel to WILD STRAWBERRIES. Charlotte (Bergman), a
professional musician, examines her life from the contemplative perch
of old age. After having watched a lover die in the hospital, she is reunited
with her neglected daughter, who she has not seen in many years. Eva (Liv
Ullmann) has an obligatory love for her mother, but an equal trove of
resentment and inadequacy. In memories, Anna (played by the real life
daughter of Ullmann and director Bergman) relives her emotional traumas
with a cold detachment. Colored by the music of Chopin and Beethoven,
Bergman crafts a perfectly realized portrait of creative genius in the
sunset of life. "The best Bergman film in years, filled with his
liberating mixture of violence and tenderness that is the sign of emotional
truth.”—Jack Kroll, NEWSWEEK. (92 mins.)
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